Posts

Introduction to cardiovascular system

-
Image
The  cardiovascular system  is the primary circulatory system of the human body. It comprises: a heart blood blood vessels General Functions of the Cardiovascular System One function of the cardiovascular system is  transport.  Some substances carried by the cardiovascular system are dissolved or suspended in the fluid portion of the blood.  Others are bound up in special cellular elements called red blood cells. The cardiovascular system also provides  protection  against foreign substances. This function involves active attack by white blood cells as well as more subtle processes of the immune system. Direction of Flow of Arteries and Veins Blood vessels are the conduits of the cardiovascular system. They make up a closed system, since there is no place in the system where whole blood can leave. Arteries  generally carry blood from the chambers of the heart to the tissue of the body.  Veins  carry bloo
Post a Comment
Read more

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY

-
Image
                Anatomy Of Kidney   The kidneys lie on either side of the spine in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs. They are roughly the size of your fist, and the male kidney is typically a bit larger than the female kidney. The kidneys are well vascularized, receiving about 25 percent of the cardiac output at rest. External Anatomy The left kidney is located at about the T12 to L3 vertebrae, whereas the right is lower due to slight displacement by the liver. Upper portions of the kidneys are somewhat protected by the eleventh and twelfth ribs. Each kidney weighs about 125–175 g in males and 115–155 g in females. They are about 11–14 cm in length, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm thick, and are directly covered by a fibrous capsule composed of dense, irregular connective tissue that helps to hold their shape and protect them. This capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tiss
Post a Comment
Read more
-
Image
Introduction and Location T he lungs, which is the organ for respiration is a paired cone shaped organs lying in the thoracic cavity separated from each other by the heart and other structures in the mediastinum. Each lung has a base resting on the diaphragm and an apex extending superiorly to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the clavicle. It also has a medial surface and with three borders- anterior, posterior and inferior. The broad coastal surface of the lungs is pressed against the rib cage, while the smaller mediastinal surface faces medially. The lungs receives the bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves through a slit in the mediastinal surface called the helium, and the structures entering the helium constitutes the lungs root . The right lung is larger and weighs more than the left lung .  Since the  heart  tilts to the left, the left lung is smaller than the right and has an indentation called the cardiac impression to accommodate the heart. This ind
Post a Comment
Read more

Anatomy of Eye

-
Image
Anatomy of the Eye components which include but are not limited to the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, macula, optic nerve, choroid and vitreous. Cornea: clear front window of the  eye  that transmits and focuses light into the  eye . Choroid Layer containing blood vessels that lines the back of the eye and is located between the retina (the inner light-sensitive layer) and the sclera (the outer white eye wall).   Ciliary Body Structure containing muscle and is located behind the iris, which focuses the lens. Cornea The clear front window of the eye which transmits and focuses (i.e., sharpness or clarity) light into the eye. Corrective laser surgery reshapes the cornea, changing the focus. Fovea The center of the macula which provides the sharp vision. Iris The colored part of the eye which helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye. When there is bright light, the iris closes the pupil to let in less light. And when there is low light, the iris opens up
Post a Comment
Read more

Anatomy of tongue

-
Image
Tongue is a muscular organ situated at the floor of the mouth. The  tongue  is covered with moist, pink tissue called mucosa.Tiny bumps called papillae give the  tongue  its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae. Associated functions of Tongue are:- Tate Speech Chewing Deglution Cleansing of mouth EXTERNAL FEATURES - Tip- It rest behind upper incisor teeth. Body- It is divided in two surfaces. Upper surface- It is rough due to presence of pappila and is also called dorsum. Dorsum is  further divided into two parts:-  * Oral Part                                                                                                                                       * Phyengeal Part Lower Surface- It is smooth because it is made up of smooth mucous membrane.Only oral part is present, phyrangeal part is absent. Root- Last part of tooth. External Features Of Tongue PAPPILAE OF TONGUE:- Vallate/Circumvallate Pappilae
Post a Comment
Read more
-
Image
Introduction to Scapula Bone: The scapula or shoulder blade is a flat, triangular-shaped bone that  lies adjacent  to the posterior surface of ribs 2-7. Markings of the Scapula Bone: It has three borders (superior, lateral, medial), three angles (superior, lateral, medial) and two surfaces (costal, dorsal). A prominent ridge or spine divides the dorsal surface into two, unequal parts called the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa. A shallow depression at the lateral angle called the glenoid cavity  accepts  the head of the humerus to form the shoulder or gleno-humeral joint. 3.The scapula also  articulates  with the clavicle to form the shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle, which supports movements of the humerus. 4.Seventeen  muscles attach  to the borders, angles, ridges, bumps, processes, and fossae found on the surface of the scapula. 5.The muscles that insert on the scapula (intrinsic muscles) connect it to th
Post a Comment
Read more