Anatomy of tongue

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Tongue is a muscular organ situated at the floor of the mouth.The tongue is covered with moist, pink tissue called mucosa.Tiny bumps called papillae give the tongue its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae.

Associated functions of Tongue are:-

  1. Tate
  2. Speech
  3. Chewing
  4. Deglution
  5. Cleansing of mouth


EXTERNAL FEATURES -

  • Tip- It rest behind upper incisor teeth.


  • Body- It is divided in two surfaces.
  1. Upper surface- It is rough due to presence of pappila and is also called dorsum. Dorsum is further divided into two parts:-  * Oral Part                                                                                                                                    * Phyengeal Part
  2. Lower Surface- It is smooth because it is made up of smooth mucous membrane.Only oral part is present, phyrangeal part is absent.
  • Root- Last part of tooth.


External Features Of Tongue
PAPPILAE OF TONGUE:-
  • Vallate/Circumvallate Pappilae
Present below sulcus terminalis.
less in number.
Large in size i.e 1-2mm of diameter.
Cylindrical in shape.

  • Fungiform Pappilae
Present at tip and margin of tongue.
Size is less than circumvallate pappilae.
More in number than circumvallate pappilae.
Gives bright red appearence.
  • Filliform Pappilae
Maximum in number
Smallest  in number.
Valvatary Appearence.
  • Foliate Pappilae
Few in number.
Distributed on dorsum of tongue.
Present in front of palatetoglossal arch.

INNER SURFACE OF TONGUE:-

Muscles Of Tongue:-
  1. Intrinsic Muscle
Intrinsic Muscles four types:-
  • Superior Longitudenal
  • Inferior Longitudenal
  • Transverse
  • Vertical
     2. Extrinsic Muscle

Extrinsic Muscles four types:-
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Paletoglossus
  • Styloglossus


Inferior Longitudenal Muscle- It shortens the tongue. Make dorsum convex.

Transverse Muscle- It make the tongue narrow and elongated.

Verticle Muscle- It is present at border of anterior part of tongue.


Extrinsic Muscle of Tongue:-



 Arterial Supply of Tongue:-

 Mainly supplied by lingual artery which is branch of external carotid artery.

Root is tonsilar branch of facial artery and assending phyrengeal branch.

Venous Drainage of Tongue:-

Principle vein or largest vein of tongue is DEEP LINGUAL VEIN.

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