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Anatomy of Femur Bone

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The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. It is composed of an upper end, a lower end and a shaft. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. The head is directed medially. The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards. Upper end of Femur The upper end of the femur includes the head, the neck, the greater trochanter, the lesser trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, and the intertrochanteric crest. Head of Femur Head articulates with acetabulum to form a hip joint. It is more than half a sphere and is directed medially, upwards and slightly forwards. The fovea is a roughened pit just below and behind the center of the head. Head, in its most part, is covered by cartilage. Neck of Femur The neck is about is about 3-3.5 cms long and connects head with the shaft. The neck forms an angle with the shaft, known as neck-shaft angle and is about 125 in adults [less
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Introduction to Scapula Bone: The scapula or shoulder blade is a flat, triangular-shaped bone that  lies adjacent  to the posterior surface of ribs 2-7. Markings of the Scapula Bone: It has three borders (superior, lateral, medial), three angles (superior, lateral, medial) and two surfaces (costal, dorsal). A prominent ridge or spine divides the dorsal surface into two, unequal parts called the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa. A shallow depression at the lateral angle called the glenoid cavity  accepts  the head of the humerus to form the shoulder or gleno-humeral joint. 3.The scapula also  articulates  with the clavicle to form the shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle, which supports movements of the humerus. 4.Seventeen  muscles attach  to the borders, angles, ridges, bumps, processes, and fossae found on the surface of the scapula. 5.The muscles that insert on the scapula (intrinsic muscles) connect it to th
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Introduction and Location T he lungs, which is the organ for respiration is a paired cone shaped organs lying in the thoracic cavity separated from each other by the heart and other structures in the mediastinum. Each lung has a base resting on the diaphragm and an apex extending superiorly to a point approximately 2.5 cm superior to the clavicle. It also has a medial surface and with three borders- anterior, posterior and inferior. The broad coastal surface of the lungs is pressed against the rib cage, while the smaller mediastinal surface faces medially. The lungs receives the bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves through a slit in the mediastinal surface called the helium, and the structures entering the helium constitutes the lungs root . The right lung is larger and weighs more than the left lung .  Since the  heart  tilts to the left, the left lung is smaller than the right and has an indentation called the cardiac impression to accommodate the heart. This ind
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