Scope for BDS

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Introduction to Scapula Bone: The scapula or shoulder blade is a flat, triangular-shaped bone that  lies adjacent  to the posterior surface of ribs 2-7. Markings of the Scapula Bone: It has three borders (superior, lateral, medial), three angles (superior, lateral, medial) and two surfaces (costal, dorsal). A prominent ridge or spine divides the dorsal surface into two, unequal parts called the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa. A shallow depression at the lateral angle called the glenoid cavity  accepts  the head of the humerus to form the shoulder or gleno-humeral joint. 3.The scapula also  articulates  with the clavicle to form the shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle, which supports movements of the humerus. 4.Seventeen  muscles attach  to the borders, angles, ridges, bumps, processes, and fossae found on the surface of the scapula. 5.The muscles that insert on the scapu...
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Anatomy of Femur Bone

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The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. It is composed of an upper end, a lower end and a shaft. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. The head is directed medially. The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards. Upper end of Femur The upper end of the femur includes the head, the neck, the greater trochanter, the lesser trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, and the intertrochanteric crest. Head of Femur Head articulates with acetabulum to form a hip joint. It is more than half a sphere and is directed medially, upwards and slightly forwards. The fovea is a roughened pit just below and behind the center of the head. Head, in its most part, is covered by cartilage. Neck of Femur The neck is about is about 3-3.5 cms long and connects head with the shaft. The neck forms an angle with the shaft, known as neck-shaft angle and is about 125 in adults [...
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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY

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                Anatomy Of Kidney   The kidneys lie on either side of the spine in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs. They are roughly the size of your fist, and the male kidney is typically a bit larger than the female kidney. The kidneys are well vascularized, receiving about 25 percent of the cardiac output at rest. External Anatomy The left kidney is located at about the T12 to L3 vertebrae, whereas the right is lower due to slight displacement by the liver. Upper portions of the kidneys are somewhat protected by the eleventh and twelfth ribs. Each kidney weighs about 125–175 g in males and 115–155 g in females. They are about 11–14 cm in length, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm thick, and are directly covered by a fibrous capsule composed of dense, irregular connective tissue that helps to hold their shape and protect them. This capsule is c...
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